Tax Bracket
Calculator
Marginal and effective rate.
Open the tax bracket calculator →
Tax
Income Tax Calculator
Enter your income and filing status to estimate your 2025 federal income tax and take-home pay.
Federal income tax
—
2025 tax year, standard deduction.
| Taxable income | — |
|---|---|
| After-tax income | — |
| Effective rate | — |
| Marginal rate | — |
Show our math
Enter your figures above to see the step-by-step working.
Federal estimate — not tax adviceEverything computed client-side — nothing leaves this page
How the Income Tax Calculator Works
Federal income tax is worked out on your taxable income, not your gross pay. This calculator subtracts the 2025 standard deduction for your filing status, then applies the federal tax brackets. The system is progressive: each slice of income is taxed at its own rate, so only the portion inside the top bracket is taxed at that rate — your effective rate is always lower than your marginal (top-bracket) rate.
The result is an estimate of your federal income tax and take-home pay. It uses the standard deduction and doesn’t include Social Security and Medicare tax, state or local income tax, or credits like the Child Tax Credit — all of which change the final number.
tax = brackets applied to (income − standard deduction)
Note: a federal estimate for the 2025 tax year using the standard deduction. It doesn’t include Social Security/Medicare (FICA), state or local tax, or credits and itemized deductions. Not tax advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is federal income tax calculated?
Subtract the standard deduction from your income to get taxable income, then apply the tax brackets in order. Each bracket taxes only the income that falls within it, which is why your effective rate is below your top rate.
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of income — your top bracket. Your effective rate is total tax divided by total income, which is lower because earlier dollars are taxed at lower rates.
Does this include Social Security, Medicare or state tax?
No. It estimates federal income tax only, using the standard deduction. FICA (7.65%), state and local taxes, credits and itemized deductions are not included.
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