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Science — Chemistry

Dilution Calculator

Solve C1V1 = C2V2 for any one of the four quantities, and see how much solvent to add.

Filed by The Statistics Desk  |  Method: C1V1 = C2V2
e.g. 10 (any unit)
Answer
—
The unknown you asked us to solve for.
Readout
Stock to use (V1)—
Solvent to add—
Dilution factor—
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How the Dilution Calculator Works

Diluting a stock solution follows one compact rule: the amount of solute never changes, so concentration times volume before equals concentration times volume after. That is the famous C1V1 = C2V2. Given any three of the four quantities, the fourth is fixed, and this calculator solves for whichever one you choose.

The most common question is “how much of my stock do I need?” — leave the default and it solves for V1, then tells you how much solvent to add to reach your final volume (V2 minus V1). Concentration can be in any unit — molarity, percent, mg/mL, X-fold — as long as C1 and C2 share it; likewise the volumes just have to match each other.

C1V1 = C2V2

Frequently Asked Questions

What units should I use?

Any units, as long as the two concentrations match each other and the two volumes match each other. Molarity with millilitres, or percent with litres, all work — the equation only cares about the ratios.

How much solvent do I add?

Subtract the stock volume V1 from the final volume V2. You add that much solvent to the measured stock so the total comes up to V2. The tool reports this as “solvent to add.”

What is the dilution factor?

It is the stock concentration divided by the final concentration, C1 ÷ C2. A 10× dilution means one part stock to nine parts solvent, giving ten parts total.

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